Data distribution system

ABSTRACT

To readily select a data file to be obtained from among data files to be distributed, or to readily recommend such a data file to a user, while suppressing a load imposed on a data distribution system. A data distribution system comprises a distribution device for holding data files which are distribution objects, and user terminals. Each of the user terminals obtains each of file pieces from any of other user terminals or the distribution devices, the file pieces being obtained by dividing one object file among the data files to be distributed, obtains a list of data files having been obtained by another user terminal when obtaining a file piece from the other user terminal, and assembles the obtained file pieces to obtain the object file, in which information of the data files included in the obtained list is used in selecting a data file to be newly obtained.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a data distribution system, a userterminal, an information processing method, and an information storagemedium, in which each user terminal obtains each of a plurality of filepieces from a distribution device or another user terminal to therebyobtain a distribution object data file, the file pieces being obtainedby dividing the distribution object data file.

BACKGROUND ART

Conventionally, there is known a data distribution system in which adistribution device holds a data file of various contents, such assound, motion picture, and so forth, as a distribution object, and eachdata file is distributed to a client user terminal in response to arequest therefrom. In recent years, peer-to-peer type data exchangesystems for exchanging a data file directly between user terminals(peers) have become available. In some of such data exchange systems, adata file is divided into a plurality of file pieces and each file pieceis exchanged. According to such a technique, each user terminal canobtain from different devices a plurality of file pieces constituting adata file which the user wishes to obtain. This makes it possible toexchange large volume data among user terminals, while avoidingconcentration of network traffic to a specific distribution device or aspecific user terminal.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the above described data distribution system, a user who uses arespective user terminal has a need to readily select a data file to benewly obtained from among a plurality of data files provided by thesystem. In order to satisfy such a need, there is available a methodusing a server for, e.g., collecting and analyzing information about thedata files having been downloaded by the respective user terminals inthe past. In this example, the server finds data files having relevance,such as those having been commonly downloaded by many users, and thenprovides, to each user terminal, information about a data file relevantto a data file having been obtained by the user terminal. With theabove, each user terminal can select, as a file to be obtained, a datafile relevant to a data file having been already obtained, or recommendsuch a data file to a user. However, according to this method, it isnecessary for a server to collectively manage information about the datafiles having been downloaded by a plurality of user terminals. Thisincreases network traffic directed to the server and a process load ofthe server.

The present invention has been conceived in view of the above, and oneof the objects thereof is to provide a data distribution system, a userterminal, an information processing method, and an information storagemedium for making it possible for each user terminal to readily select,or recommend to a user, a data file to be obtained from among data filesto be distributed, while suppressing a load imposed on the system.

A data distribution system according to the present invention in orderto solve the above described problem is a data distribution systemcomprising one or more distribution devices for holding a plurality ofdata files which are distribution objects; and a plurality of userterminals, wherein each of the user terminals comprises a file pieceobtaining unit for obtaining each of a plurality of file pieces from anyof other user terminals or the distribution devices, the plurality offile pieces being obtained by dividing one object file among theplurality of data files; and a file obtaining unit for assembling theplurality of obtained file pieces to thereby obtain the object file, thefile piece obtaining unit, when obtaining a file piece from another userterminal, obtains a list of data files which have been obtained by theother user terminal, together with the file piece, and information ofthe data files included in the obtained list is used in selecting a datafile which is a new target to obtain.

In the above described data distribution system, each of the userterminals may automatically select a data file which is a new target toobtain from among the data files included in the obtained list.

In the above described data distribution system, the list of data fileswhich have been obtained may include relevant information concerning howa user terminal which has obtained respective data files included in thelist has obtained or uses the data files, and each of the user terminalsmay select a data file which is a new target to obtain from among thedata files included in the obtained list, using the relevant informationincluded in the obtained list.

In the above described data distribution system, the file pieceobtaining unit may obtain, from each of a plurality of other userterminals, a list of data files which have been obtained by the userterminal, together with a file piece, and information of the data filesincluded in each of the plurality of lists obtained respectively fromthe plurality of other user terminals may be used in selecting a datafile which is a new target to obtain.

In the above described data distribution system, each of the userterminals may select, as a new target to obtain, a data file included inmore than a predetermined number of lists, or lists corresponding tomore than a predetermined percentage of the plurality of lists.

In the above described data distribution system, the file pieceobtaining unit may transfer the list of data files which have beenobtained by the other user terminal to still another user terminal whichis different from the other user terminal when obtaining a file piecefrom the still other user terminal, the list being obtained from theother user terminal, and information of the data files included in eachof the plurality of lists respectively obtained from the other userterminals may be used in selecting a data file which is a new target toobtain.

In the above described data distribution system, the file pieceobtaining unit, when distributing a file piece held by a user terminalitself including the file piece obtaining unit to still another userterminal in response to a request from the still another user terminal,may obtain a list of data files which has been obtained by the stillother user terminal.

In the above described data distribution system, the file pieceobtaining unit, when distributing a file piece to the still other userterminal, may transfer the list of data files which have been obtainedby the other user terminal to the still other user terminal, the listbeing obtained from the other user terminal, and information of the datafile included in each of the plurality of lists respectively obtainedfrom the other user terminals may be used in selecting a data file whichis a new target to obtain.

In the above described data distribution system, the file pieceobtaining unit may transfer the list of data files which have beenobtained to still another user terminal a number of times equal to orfewer than a predetermined transfer number of times, the list beingobtained from the other user terminal.

In the above described data distribution system, obtaining of at leastone predetermined restricted piece among the plurality of file piecesfrom other user terminals may be restricted, and the distribution devicemay restrict distribution of the restricted piece to each of the userterminals, based on a predetermined condition.

As the predetermined condition, the above described distribution devicemay restrict distribution of the restricted piece when a predetermineddisclosure date and time has not yet arrived.

The above described data distribution system may further comprise a fileinformation management device for sending file information about each ofthe data files in response to a request from each of the user terminals,wherein the file information may include information specifying therestricted piece.

In the above described data distribution system, the file informationmay further include information about the predetermined condition, andthe file piece obtaining unit may determine whether or not thepredetermined condition indicated by the file information is satisfied,and upon determination that the condition is satisfied, may send arequest for obtaining the restricted piece to the distribution device.

A user terminal according to the present invention is a user terminalconnected to one or more distribution devices for holding a plurality ofdata files which are distribution objects and to one or more other userterminals, comprising a file piece obtaining unit for obtaining each ofa plurality of file pieces from any of other user terminals or thedistribution devices, the plurality of file pieces being obtained bydividing one object file among the plurality of data files; and a fileobtaining unit for assembling the plurality of obtained file pieces tothereby obtain the object file, wherein the file piece obtaining means,when obtaining a file piece from another user terminal, obtains a listof data files which have been obtained by the other user terminal,together with the file piece, and information of the data files includedin the obtained list is used in selecting a data file which is a newtarget to obtain.

An information processing method according to the present invention isan information processing method to be carried out using a user terminalconnected to one or more distribution devices for holding a plurality ofdata files which are distribution objects, and to one or more other userterminals, the method comprising a file piece obtaining step ofobtaining each of a plurality of file pieces from any of other userterminals or the distribution devices, the plurality of file piecesbeing obtained by dividing one object file among the plurality of datafiles; and a file obtaining step of assembling the plurality of obtainedfile pieces to thereby obtain the object file, wherein at the file pieceobtaining step, a list of data files which have been obtained by theother user terminal is obtained when obtaining a file piece from anotheruser terminal, together with the file piece, and information of the datafiles included in the obtained list is used in selecting a data filewhich is a new target to obtain.

A computer readable information storage medium according to the presentinvention is a computer readable information storage medium storing aprogram for causing a user terminal, which is connected to one or moredistribution devices for holding a plurality of data files which aredistribution objects and to one or more other user terminals, tofunction as a file piece obtaining unit for obtaining each of aplurality of file pieces from any of other user terminals or thedistribution devices, the plurality of file pieces being obtained bydividing one object file among the plurality of data files; and a fileobtaining unit for assembling the plurality of obtained file pieces tothereby obtain the object file, wherein the file piece obtaining unit,when obtaining a file piece from another user terminal, obtains a listof data files which have been obtained by the other user terminal,together with the file piece, and information of the data files includedin the obtained list is used in selecting a data file which is a newtarget to obtain.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a system structure of adata distribution system according to an embodiment of the presentinvention system;

FIG. 2 is block diagram showing an example of a structure of a userterminal according to this embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a diagram explaining one example of file piece exchangingamong devices in this embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram showing an example of a function ofthe user terminal according to this embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a diagram explaining an example of transferring of a holdingfile list in this embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing one example of file piece exchanging amongdevices when a data file is subjected to distribution restriction;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of one example of a process to be carried out bythe data distribution system according to this embodiment; and

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the example of the process to be carried out bythe data distribution system according to this embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the following, an embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, a data distribution system 1 according to oneembodiment of the present invention comprises a content managing device2, an authentication device 3, a terminal managing device 4, a fileinformation managing device 5, a distribution control device 6, adistribution device 7, and a user terminal 8, all of the respectivedevices being mutually connected via a communication network, such as aLAN, the Internet, and the like. The data distribution system 1 includesa plurality of user terminals 8, which are hereinafter referred to asuser terminals 8 a, 8 b, 8 c, and so forth. Also, the data distributionsystem 1 may include a plurality of file information managing devices 5,a plurality of distribution control devices 6, and a plurality ofdistribution devices 7.

In the data distribution system 1 according to this embodiment, one ormore distribution devices 7 each hold a plurality of data files whichare distribution objects, and serve as a primary distributor of the datafiles. In order to obtain a desired data file, each user terminal 8obtains each of a plurality of file pieces obtained by dividing the datafile from the distribution device 7 or another user terminal 8, andassembles the plurality of obtained file pieces to thereby obtain thedata file.

The content managing device 2, authentication device 3, terminalmanaging device 4, file information managing device 5, distributioncontrol device 6, and distribution device 7 are each, e.g., aninformation processing device such as a server computer or the like. Thecontent managing device 2 manages information concerning a plurality ofcontents which are distribution objects in the data distribution system1, and in response to a request from a user terminal 8, provides theuser terminal 8 with information concerning the requested content. Notethat each of the plurality of contents managed by the content managingdevice 2 corresponds to one or more data files to be distributed by thedistribution device 7, and the content information provided by thecontent managing device 2 is used in selection by the user terminal 8 ofa data file to be obtained.

The authentication device 3 authenticates a user attempting to obtain adata file, using the user terminal 8. Then, the terminal managing device4 receives a log-in request from the user terminal 8 authenticated bythe authentication device 3. Where each user terminal 8 holds uniqueterminal identification information (a signal ID), the terminal managingdevice 4 stores the signal ID of the user terminal 8 having made alog-in request and information (an IP address, a port number, and soforth) specifying a point on a network to which the user terminal 8 isconnected so as to be correlated to each other. Upon receipt from eachuser terminal 8 of an address resolution request designating the signalID of another user terminal 8 to which the user terminal 8 is going toconnect, the terminal managing device 4 sends information specifying apoint to which the user terminal 8 identified by the designated signalID is connected to the user terminal 8 having sent the addressresolution request.

Note that the terminal managing device 4 may have a function as a STUN(Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol through Network AddressTranslators) server in addition to the above described addressresolution function. Use of the STUN server function of the terminalmanaging device 4 makes it possible for a user terminal 8 whichcommunicates with an external network via a NAT (Network AddressTranslator) to exchange data in a peer-to-peer manner with another userterminal 8.

The file information managing device 5 stores file information(metadata) for a data file held as a distribution object by thedistribution device 7, the file information being necessary for a userterminal 8 to obtain the concerned data file. The file informationincludes information (URL or the like) specifying a point to which thedistribution control device 6 for controlling data file distribution isconnected, the number of file pieces constituting the data file, and ahash value of each file piece, and so forth. In response to a fileinformation obtaining request from a user terminal 8, the fileinformation managing device 5 sends file information of the requesteddata file.

For each data file subjected to distribution control, the distributioncontrol device 6 records provider information designating a device fromwhich the concerned data file can be obtained. Specifically, providerinformation of each data file includes, e.g., information (URL or thelike) specifying a point to which the distribution device 7 holding thedata file is connected and the signal IDs of user terminals 8 which haveobtained, or have started a process to obtain, the data file. Inresponse to a provider information obtaining request from a userterminal 8, the distribution control device 6 sends provider informationof the requested data file. In the above, the user terminal 8 sends alist showing data files which the user terminal 8 has already obtained,and has started a process to obtain, together with the providerinformation obtaining request, to the distribution control device 6,which in turn adds the signal ID of the user terminal 8 to the providerinformation of each data file shown in the list.

The distribution device 7 holds one or more distribution object datafiles, and distributes the data file in units of a file piece to eachuser terminal 8. Note that a file piece is data obtained by dividing onedata file into a predetermined size or number. Specifically, in responseto a file piece obtaining request from a user terminal 8, thedistribution device 7 distributes the requested file piece.

The user terminal 8 may be any of a variety of information processingdevices, such as, e.g., a personal computer, a consumer game device, aportable game device, a content player, and so forth. The user terminal8 is used by a user utilizing the data distribution system 1 accordingto this embodiment. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the userterminal 8 comprises a control unit 11, a storage unit 12, acommunication unit 13, an operating unit 14, and a display unit 15.

The control unit 11 is a CPU or the like, and carries out a variety ofinformation processes according to a program stored in the storage unit12. The storage unit 12 is e.g., a memory element, such as a RAM, a ROM,and so forth, and a hard disk or the like, and stores a program to becarried out by the control unit 11 and/or a data file which the userterminal 8 in question has already obtained. The storage unit 12 alsofunctions as a working memory of the control unit 11. The communicationunit 13 is a network interface, such as a LAN card or the like, andsends information output from the control unit 11 to another device viaa communication network. Also, the communication unit 13 receivesinformation arrived via a network, and outputs to the control unit 11.

The operating unit 14 may be, e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel,or the like, and upon receipt of an instruction operation carried out bya user, outputs the content of the instruction operation to the controlunit 11. The display unit 15 may be a liquid crystal display panel, ahome-use television set receiver, and so forth, and displays variousinformation items on a screen according to an instruction from thecontrol unit 11 to thereby present the information to a user.

Here, an example of file piece exchanging to be carried out when eachuser terminal 8 attempts to obtain one distribution object data filewill be outlined, referring to FIG. 3. Note that a data file to beobtained by a user terminal 8 is hereinafter referred to as a targetfile F, and file pieces obtained by diving the target file F into nnumber of pieces are respectively denoted as file pieces P1, P2, . . .Pn. In the following, assume as a specific example a case in which theuser terminals 8 a and 8 b attempt to obtain the same target file Fcomprising six file pieces, namely, file pieces P1 to P6.

In the example shown in FIG. 3, the user terminal 8 a has alreadyobtained the file pieces P2, P3, and P4 from another user terminal 8,and the user terminal 8 b has already obtained file pieces P1, P3, andP5 from still another user terminal 8. Suppose here that the userterminal 8 a connects to the user terminal 8 b in order to obtain a filepiece yet to be obtained. Thereupon, in response to a request from theuser terminal 8 a, the user terminal 8 b sends the file pieces P1 andP5, which the user terminal 8 b holds but the user terminal 8 a doesnot, to the user terminal 8 a, so that the user terminal 8 a can obtainthe two file pieces from the user terminal 8 b. In the above, moreover,the user terminal 8 a sends the file pieces P2 and P4, which the userterminal 8 a holds but the user terminal 8 b does not, to the userterminal 8 b.

Even with the file pieces P1 and P5 obtained from the user terminal 8 b,the user terminal 8 a still does not have the file piece P6. Therefore,the user terminal 8 a sends a request for obtaining the file piece P6 tothe distribution device 7, and in response to the request, thedistribution device 7 distributes the file piece P6 to the user terminal8 a. Through this distribution, the user terminal 8 a can finally obtainall file pieces constituting the target file F from another userterminals 8 or the distribution device 7.

Note that each user terminal 8 can eventually obtain all file piecesfrom the distribution device 7 by sending a file piece obtaining requestthereto as the distribution device 7 holds all file pieces. However,each user terminal 8 first attempts to obtain a file piece from anotheruser terminal 8 which has already obtained, or has started a process toobtain, the target file F in question, and moreover, provides a filepiece which the user terminal 8 has already obtained to the other userterminal 8. With the above, in the data distribution system 1 accordingto this embodiment, increase of network load as a result ofconcentration of access to the distribution device 7 can be avoided.

In the following, a specific example of a function to be realized by theuser terminal 8 in this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG.4, the user terminal 8 functionally comprises a target file selectionunit 21, a provider information obtaining unit 22, a file pieceobtaining unit 23, and a target file obtaining unit 24. These functionscan be realized by the control unit 11 by carrying out a program storedin the storage unit 12. This program may be provided stored in a varietyof computer readable information storage media, such as, e.g., a CD-ROM,a DVD-ROM, and so forth, or provided via a communication network, suchas the Internet.

Initially, the target file selection unit 21 selects a target file F toobtain from among the plurality of data files held in the distributiondevice 7. For example, the target file selection unit 21 obtains fromthe content managing device 2 a list of contents to be distributed bythe data distribution system 1, and displays the respective contentsincluded in the list on the display unit 15 to thereby present thecontents to a user. Then, a data file corresponding to the contentselected by a user by operating the operating unit 14 from among thepresented contents is selected as a target file F.

Also, in order to select a target file F, the target file selection unit21 may send list information (hereinafter referred to as a holding filelist L) showing data files which the user terminal 8 in question hasalready obtained among those to be distributed by one or moredistribution devices 7 and user attribute information such as about thetaste of a user, which is input beforehand by the user, to the contentmanaging device 2. The holding file list L may be stored in the userterminal 8 as, e.g., a part of download history information. Then, thecontent managing device 2 produces a list (a recommended content list)of content highly related to a data file included in the receivedholding file list L and content reflecting the taste of a user, based onthe received information, and sends the recommended content list to theuser terminal 8. Thereafter, the target file selection unit 21 presentsthe content included in the recommended content list to a user, and thenselects as a target file F a data file corresponding to the contentselected by the user among the contents presented.

Alternatively, the target file selection unit 21 may automaticallyselect a target file F. As a specific example, in the case where thecontent managing device 2 produces a recommended content list, based onthe information sent from the user terminal 8, as described above, thetarget file selection unit 21 may obtain the recommended content listand select a data file corresponding to each of the contents included inthe recommended content list as a target file F without receiving aselection instruction operation by a user.

Note that the above described recommended content list may be producednot by the content managing device 2 but on the user terminal 8 side.That is, the target file selection unit 21 obtains a content list fromthe content managing device 2, then extracts recommended content fromthe contents included in the content list, based on the user attributeinformation, the holding file list L, and the like, held by the userterminal 8 in question, to thereby produce a recommended content list.Then, the target file selection unit 21 may encourage a user to selectcontent to obtain from among those included in the produced recommendedcontent list or select as a target file F a data file corresponding toeach content included in the recommended content list.

The provider information obtaining unit 22 obtains from the distributioncontrol device 6 provider information indicating a device which maypossibly hold a file piece constituting the target file F selected bythe target file selection unit 21. Specifically, after a user terminal 8logs in the terminal managing device 4 so that the signal ID thereofremains registered, the provider information obtaining unit 22 obtainsfile information of a target file F from the file information managingdevice 5, then connects to the distribution control device 6, based onthe information included in the obtained file information and specifyinga point to which the distribution control device 6 is connected, andobtains provider information of the target file F from the distributioncontrol device 6.

The file piece obtaining unit 23 sequentially connects to a plurality ofprovider devices indicated by the provider information obtained by theprovider information obtaining unit 22 to obtain the respective filepieces constituting the target file F. Here, each of the plurality ofprovider devices is either a user terminal 8, among those other thanthat user terminal 8, which has already obtained, or started a processto obtain, the same target file F or the distribution device 7 that isthe primary distributor of the target file F.

Note that as described above, the file piece obtaining unit 23 attemptsto obtain a file piece from another user terminal 8 prior to thedistribution device 7, and sends to the distribution device 7 a requestfor obtaining a file piece which cannot be obtained from any userterminal 8 only when all file pieces cannot be obtained from apredetermined number of user terminals 8 indicated by the providerinformation. Note that, as will be described later, an obtaining requestfor a predetermined file piece designated by the file informationobtained by the provider information obtaining unit 22 may always besent to the distribution device 7.

Every time when a file piece is obtained, the file piece obtaining unit23 may calculate a hash value of the file piece, and compare forverification with the hash value of the file piece included in the fileinformation obtained from the file information managing device 5. Thismakes it possible to verify the legitimacy of the content of a filepiece obtained from another user terminal 8.

As shown in the example shown in FIG. 3, the file piece obtaining unit23 distributes a file piece which the user terminal 8 has alreadyobtained from another user terminal 8 or the distribution device 7 to astill another user terminal 8 in response to a request therefrom. Withthe above, file piece exchanging among a plurality of user terminals 8can be realized.

The target file obtaining unit 24 assembles the plurality of file piecesobtained by the file piece obtaining unit 23, whereby the user terminal8 can obtain the target file F selected by the target file selectionunit 21.

One of the characteristics of this embodiment is that, when the filepiece obtaining unit 23 attempts to obtain a file piece from, ordistributes a file piece to, another user terminal 8, a list (that is, aholding file list L) of data files which the other user terminal 8 hasalready obtained is obtained from the other user terminal 8, in additionto the file piece being exchanged. For example, every time of obtaininga new target file F, each user terminal 8 adds information specifyingthe obtained target file F to a holding file list L, and when exchanginga file piece (that is, obtaining and/or distributing a file piece) sendsthe holding file list L to another user terminal 8 with which the filepiece is exchanged.

Information about a data file included in the holding file list Lobtained from another user terminal 8 is used when the user terminal 8having obtained the holding file list L selects a data file to be newlyobtained. As described above, as a file piece is exchanged among userterminals 8 which attempt to obtain the same target file F, a data fileincluded in the holding file list L is considered as corresponding tocontent in which a user wishing to obtain the same target file F isinterested. Therefore, using such information in selection of a datafile to be newly obtained, the user terminal 8 can determine as a fileto be newly obtained a data file which is highly related to the targetfile F already obtained.

As a specific example, the target file selection unit 21 produces arecommended file list, based on a plurality of holding file lists Lobtained from a plurality of other user terminals 8 when the file pieceobtaining unit 23 obtains a file piece. Then, information about contentcorresponding to a data file included in the recommended file list isobtained from the content managing device 2 and presented to a user as arecommended content list. Then, a data file corresponding to the contentselected by the user among those shown in the list is selected as atarget file F to be newly obtained. Alternatively, the target fileselection unit 21 may automatically select a target file F to be newlyobtained from among the data files included in the produced recommendedfile list. That is, e.g., after production of a recommended file list,the target file selection unit 21 may select a target file F to be newlyobtained according to a condition to be described later withoutreceiving an instruction operation by a user via the operating unit 14.

In the above, as a method for producing a recommended file list, thereis available a method for simply listing the data file included in theobtained holding file list L. However, the method is not limited to theone described above. Instead, the target file selection unit 21 maynarrow down the data files to be included in the recommended file list,based on various criteria. Specifically, e.g., the target file selectionunit 21 may include in a recommended file list a data file which iscommonly included in more than a predetermined number of file lists L orin file lists L corresponding to more than a predetermined percentage ofthe plurality of holding file lists L obtained from different userterminals 8.

Here, assume that a holding file list L to be exchanged with anotheruser terminal 8 may include relevant information describing how a userterminal 8 holding a data file included in the holding file list L hasobtained or utilizes the data file. The target file selection unit 21may select a data file to be included in the recommended file list,based on the relevant information. Information, among such relevantinformation, which describes how the user terminal 8 has obtained a datafile may include information describing, e.g., whether the user terminal8 has selected the data file as a data file to be obtained, based onselection by a user or irrespective of an instruction by a user (thatis, selected based solely on a recommended content list produced by thecontent managing device 2 or the like). Also, information describing howa user terminal 8 utilizes a data file may include the number of timesthe data file has been executed or reproduced. Parameter informationindicating data file evaluation by a user, such as whether or not thedata file is included in favorites of a user, may be included. Forexample, the target file selection unit 21 carries out weighting processon each data file included in the obtained holding file lists L,depending on the above described relevant information, to calculate aweighting addition for each data file to thereby obtain a rating valueof each data file, and selects as a data file to be included in therecommended file list a data file with the calculated rating value equalto or larger than a predetermined value. With the above, it is possibleto include in a recommended file list with priority e.g., a data filecorresponding to content explicitly selected to be obtained by users orrepetitively reproduced by users.

In addition, the target file selection unit 21 may carry out filteringon a data file included in the obtained holding file list L, based on apredetermined condition, to produce a recommended file list. Forexample, the target file selection unit 21 excludes a data file alreadyobtained by the user terminal 8 from data files to be included in therecommended file list, based on its own holding file list L. Inaddition, a data file which is assumed, based on the user attributeinformation registered beforehand by a user, to not be of interest tothe user may be excluded from data files to be included in therecommended file list.

Further, each user terminal 8 may transfer not only a holding file listL indicating a data file which the user terminal 8 has obtained but alsoa holding file list L obtained from another user terminal 8 to a stillanother user terminal 8. That is, each user terminal 8 may obtain fromanother user terminal 8 to which the user terminal 8 connects to obtainor distribute a file piece not only a holding file list L indicating adata file which the other user terminal 8 has obtained but also aholding file list L which the other user terminal 8 has obtained fromstill another user terminal 8. In this case, similarly to the abovedescribe example, each user terminal 8 can select a data file to benewly obtained, referring to a plurality of holding file lists Lobtained from the other user terminals 8.

Note that in this case unlimited transferring of a holding file list Lto another user terminal 8 would result in not only increase of networktraffic but also inclusion of a data file with low relevance in arecommended file list. In view of the above, each user terminal 8 maysend a holding file list L obtained from another user terminal 8 andheld by itself to still another user terminal 8 only when apredetermined condition is satisfied. A predetermined condition in thiscase may include, e.g., a condition that the holding file list L hasbeen transferred at only fewer than a predetermined maximum transfernumber of times. In this example, each user terminal 8 having obtained aholding file list L from another user terminal 8 adds one to thetransfer number of times recorded and correlated to the obtained holdingfile list L before transferring the obtained holding file list L tostill another user terminal 8, and does not transfer a holding file listL with the transfer number of times thereof equal to the predeterminedmaximum transfer number of times to still another user terminal 8. Withthe above, unlimited transferring of a holding file list L can beprevented.

Further, the user terminal 8 may hold history information about otheruser terminals 8 to which the user terminal 8 has ever connected toexchange a file piece, and may restrict exchange of a holding file listL with the other user terminals 8, based on the history information. Forexample, the user terminal 8 may not send a holding file list L to auser terminal 8 with which the user terminal 8 has ever exchanged a filepiece within a predetermined past period of time. Also, the userterminal 8 may not obtain a holding file list L which the user terminal8 already holds among the holding file lists L held by another userterminal 8 to which the user terminal 8 has connected to exchange a filepiece, from the other user terminal 8. Note that in this case theholding file list L includes information (e.g., a signal ID) whichidentifies a user terminal 8 (that is, a user terminal 8 which producesand initially distributes the holding file list L) having obtained adata file included in the holding file list L. Referring to theinformation, each user terminal 8 can exclude a holding file list Lwhich the user terminal 8 has already obtained from file lists to beobtained from another user terminal 8.

Further, in order to prevent unlimited increase of holding file lists Lheld, each user terminal 8 may delete a holding file list L whichsatisfies a predetermined condition. The predetermined condition mayinclude, e.g., a condition that a predetermined period of time haspassed after obtaining the holding file list L. Furthermore, with morethan a predetermined number of holding file lists L having beenobtained, the user terminal 8 may delete the holding file list L held,beginning with one having the oldest obtaining date and time.

FIG. 5 is a diagram explaining one example of such transferring of aholding file list L. Note that holding file lists L showing data filesobtained by the respective user terminals 8 a to 8 e and originally heldby the user terminals 8 a to 8 e are denoted as holding file lists La toLe, respectively. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the user terminal 8 aconnects to the user terminals 8 b and 8 c to exchange a file piece,then sends the holding file list La held by itself to the user terminals8 b and 8 c, and in turn obtains the holding file lists Lb and Lc fromthe user terminals 8 b and 8 c. Thereafter, the user terminal 8 bsequentially connects to the user terminals 8 d and 8 c to exchange afile piece. In this case, the user terminal 8 b sends the holding filelists La and Lb held by itself to the user terminal 8 d, and obtains theholding file list Ld from the user terminal 8 d. Further, the userterminal 8 b sends the holding file lists Lb and Ld to the user terminal8 c and obtains the holding file list Lc from the user terminal 8 c. Inthe above, the holding file list La of the user terminal 8 a, which bothof the user terminals 8 b and 8 c already hold, is not transferred.

Further, suppose that the user terminal 8 d connects to the userterminal 8 e to exchange a file piece and that the maximum transfernumber of times for the holding file list L is set to twice. In thiscase, the user terminal 8 d does not transfer the holding file list Laagain as the holding file list La has already been transferred twice,namely, from the user terminal 8 a to the user terminal 8 b and from theuser terminal 8 b to the user terminal 8 d. The user terminal 8 d sendsonly the holding file lists Lb and Ld to the user terminal 8 e, andobtains the holding file list Le from the user terminal 8 e.

Note that although it is described in the above that each user terminal8 sends a holding file list L to another user terminal 8 and produces arecommended file list for its own use, using the holding file list Lobtained from the other user terminal 8, this is not an exclusiveprocedure. Instead, each user terminal 8 may send a recommended filelist, when produced, to another user terminal 8. In this case, each userterminal 8 may select a data file to be newly obtained, referring to theplurality of recommended file lists obtained. In the above, each userterminal 8 may send intact the plurality of obtained recommended filelists to another user terminal 8 or may send one recommended file listproduced for use in selection by itself of a data file to be newlyobtained, based on the plurality of obtained recommended file lists toanother user terminal 8.

As described above, according to the data distribution system 1according to this embodiment, using a holding file list L obtained fromanother user terminal 8 in exchanging a file piece to obtain a targetfile F, each user terminal 8 can select as a data file to be newlyobtained a data file which is estimated as highly relevant or similar tothe obtained target file F. Also, according to the data distributionsystem 1 according to this embodiment, as network connection isestablished among user terminals 8 attempting to obtain the same targetfile F to exchange a file piece, use of such connection in exchanging aholding file list L makes it possible to exchange a holding file list Lwithout establishing extra network connection. Accordingly, networktraffic and server processing load can be reduced, compared to a case inwhich information about a data file obtained by each user terminal 8 iscentrally managed by the content managing device 2 or the like and arecommended content list is produced for each user terminal 8, based onthe centrally managed information.

In this embodiment, some of the plurality of data files to bedistributed may be a data file subjected to distribution restrictionbased on a predetermined condition. Another characteristic of the datadistribution system 1 according to this embodiment is that, in order torealize the above described distribution restriction of a data file,obtaining of at least one predetermined restricted piece among aplurality of file pieces constituting the data file by a user terminal 8from another user terminal 8 is restricted, and that the distributiondevice 7 restricts distribution of the restricted piece to each userterminal 8, based on a predetermined condition. In the above, however, afile piece, other than a restricted piece, constituting a data filesubjected to distribution restriction is normally distributed followingthe above described procedure.

Which of the plurality of file pieces is to be a restricted piece isdesignated by file information which the file information managingdevice 5 sends to user terminals 8. The file information managing device5 sends file information held therein in response to a file informationobtaining request from a user terminal 8 as described above, the fileinformation including information specifying a restricted piece. Theuser terminal 8 obtains file information corresponding to a target fileF to be obtained from the file information managing device 5, and canspecify a restricted piece.

In the case where the target file F selected by the target fileselection unit 21 is a data file subjected to distribution restriction,the file piece obtaining unit 23 excludes the restricted piecedesignated by the file information from file pieces to be obtained whensending a file piece obtaining request to another user terminal 8indicated by the provider information obtained by the providerinformation obtaining unit 22. Further, in the case where a request forobtaining a file piece is received from another user terminal 8 afterobtaining a restricted piece, the restricted piece is not distributed tothe other user terminal 8. With the above, exchange of a restrictedpiece among user terminals 8 is prohibited. Therefore, the user terminal8 needs to send a file piece obtaining request to the distributiondevice 7 when wishing to obtain a restricted piece, similar to a filepiece which the user terminal 8 cannot obtain from any other userterminals 8.

FIG. 6 is a diagram explaining an example of file piece exchanging bythe file piece obtaining unit 23 in the case where distributionrestriction is imposed on a data file as described above. Similar to thecase described referring to FIG. 3, the user terminals 8 a and 8 battempt to obtain the same target file F comprising six file pieces; theuser terminal 8 a has already obtained the file pieces P2, P3, and P4from another user terminal 8; and the user terminal 8 b has alreadyobtained file piece P1, P3, and P5 from another user terminal 8.Different from the case shown in FIG. 3, in the example shown in FIG. 6,the target file F is subjected to distribution restriction and the filepiece P1 is designated as a restricted piece. In this case, the userterminal 8 a, having connected to the user terminal 8 b and sending afile piece obtaining request, does not obtain the file piece P1, whichis a restricted piece, but obtains only the file piece P5. Therefore, inorder to obtain the file pieces P1 and P6, yet to be obtained, the userterminal 8 a sends a file piece obtaining request to the distributiondevice 7.

Upon receipt of the above-described file piece obtaining request, thedistribution device 7 determines whether or not distribution of therequested restricted piece to the user terminal 8 having sent therequest is permitted, based on a predetermined condition. In thefollowing, a case in which a disclosure date and time specifying a dateand time on and at which to disclose a restricted data file is set inthe data file will be described as a specific example. In this case, thedistribution device 7 stores information indicating a predetermineddisclosure date and time so as to be correlated to the data file, andupon receipt of a file piece obtaining request, compares the presentdate and time measured on a built-in clock with the predetermineddisclosure date and time. When the time of receipt of the request isafter the disclosure date and time, the restricted piece is distributed.Meanwhile, when the time of receipt of the request is before thedisclosure date and time, distribution of the restricted piece isrestricted. Note that a file piece other than a restricted piece may bedistributed even though the request is received before the disclosuredate and time. With the above, the user terminal 8 can obtain a filepiece other than a restricted piece from another user terminal 8 or thedistribution device 7 even before the predetermined disclosure date andtime, but not a restricted piece from anywhere until the predetermineddisclosure date and time.

Note that a condition to be referred to by the distribution device 7when determining whether or not to distribute a restricted piece is notlimited to arrival of a disclosure date and time, but variousdetermination criteria may be employed. For example, the user terminal 8may send a session ID assigned by the authentication device 3 when beingauthenticated by the authentication device 3, together with a file pieceobtaining request to the distribution device 7, and the distributiondevice 7 may inquire of the authentication device 3, using the sessionID, to determine whether or not distribution of the required restrictedpiece is permitted. In this case, the distribution device 7 maydetermine whether or not a user using the user terminal 8 having sentthe session ID is a predetermined entitled user or inquire of theauthentication device 3 whether or not the user pays for using content.

Note that for a distribution restricted data file in a data format whichdoes not allow a user to use the data file unless the data file iscomplete, any file piece may be determined as a restricted piece.However, for a data file in a data format which permits execution ofpartial content of the data file in the user terminal 8 when some datafile which includes data file control information is available in theuser terminal 8, it is desirable to set a file piece including thecontrol information as a restricted piece. With the above, it ispossible to prevent a situation in which a user having obtained a filepiece other than the restricted piece views or listens to a part of thecontent.

Also, whether or not a user terminal 8 satisfies a condition forobtaining a restricted piece may be determined also by the user terminal8 itself, rather than only by the distribution device 7. In this case,file information to be sent by the information managing device 5 to theuser terminal 8 includes not only information designating a restrictedpiece but also information describing a condition for obtaining therestricted piece. The user terminal 8 determines whether or not thecondition included in the file information is satisfied (e.g., whetheror not a disclosure date and time has arrived), and upon determinationthat the condition is satisfied, sends a file piece obtaining request tothe distribution device 7. With the above, it is possible to prevent auser terminal 8 that is not entitled to obtain a restricted piece fromsending a file piece obtaining request to the distribution device 7. Inthis case as well, with an arrangement in which the distribution device7 determines whether or not distribution of the requested restrictedpiece in response to a file piece obtaining request is permitted, it ispossible to avoid distribution of a restricted piece in response to aninappropriate file piece obtaining request. Note that in the case wherethe user terminal 8 does not determine by itself whether or not the userterminal 8 satisfies a condition for obtaining a restricted piece, theuser terminal 8 may repetitively send a file piece obtaining request tothe distribution device 7, e.g., every predetermined period of time sothat the distribution device 7 determines, every receipt of the filepiece obtaining request, whether or not the condition for distributing arestricted piece is satisfied. With the above, the user terminal 8 canobtain a restricted piece after the distribution condition is satisfied.

According to the above described method, when it is desired to imposedistribution restriction on specific content, the data distributionsystem 1 restricts exchange of some restricted piece among userterminals 8 and determines whether or not distribution of the restrictedpiece is permitted by the distribution device 7, whereby distribution ofthe content to each user terminal 8 can be restricted according to adesired condition. That is, even after exchange of a data piececonstituting a data file subjected to distribution restriction hasalready started among user terminals 8 carrying out peer-to-peer typedata exchange, the data file distribution can be restricted. Further, asdistribution of only some restricted piece, rather than a complete datafile corresponding to the content, is restricted, concentration ofnetwork traffic to the distribution device 7 can be avoided even thoughdistribution by the distribution device 7 to the respective userterminals 8 is restricted. With the above, it is possible to registercontent or the like having a disclosure date and time set thereto beforethe disclosure date and time so that the file pieces other than therestricted piece are available for distribution. In this case, therespective user terminals 8 can obtain the file pieces other than therestricted piece before the disclosure date and time, it is possible toavoid increase of network load due to user terminals 8 attempting with arush to obtain the complete data file from the distribution device 7 onand after the disclosure date and time.

In the following, one example of a flow of a process to be carried outby the data distribution system 1 according to this embodiment will bedescribed with reference to the flowchart shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Notethat a flow of a process to be carried out when the user terminal 8 aselects and obtains a target file F comprising six file pieces will bedescribed here. The target file F is subjected to distributionrestriction in units of a user, and the file piece P1 is designated as arestricted piece.

Initially, the user terminal 8 a sends to the authentication device 3authentication information about a user using the user terminal 8 a, tothereby request authentication of the user (S1). The authenticationdevice 3 checks the received authentication information to determinewhether or not to authenticate the user and returns the result to theuser terminal 8 a (S2). Specifically, for successful authentication, theauthentication device 3 issues a session ID to identify the user havingrequested authentication, and sends the session ID included in theauthentication result made at S2.

Upon receipt of the result of successful authentication made at S2, theuser terminal 8 a subsequently sends information specifying a user usingthe user terminal 8 a to the content managing device 2 to therebyrequest log-in (S3). Thereupon, the content managing device 2 determineswhether or not to permit log-in by the user specified by the receivedinformation, and sends the result of determination to the user terminal8 a (S4). With successful log-in, the user terminal 8 a sends a requestfor obtaining a content list to the content managing device 2 (S5), andthe content managing device 2 returns a content list held (S6). The userterminal 8 a presents the content included in the content list sent fromthe content managing device 2 to the user, and selects as a target fileF a data file corresponding to the content selected by the user (S7).

Thereafter, the user terminal 8 a sends a log-in request including itsown signal ID to the terminal managing device 4 (S8). Upon receipt ofthe log-in request at S8, the terminal managing device 4 records thesignal ID of the sender user terminal 8 a and information specifying apoint to which the sender user terminal 8 a is connected so as to becorrelated to each other, and returns a response telling that log-inprocess is normally completed (S9). Thereafter, the user terminal 8 aconnects to another user terminal 8 via a network, utilizing addressresolution by the terminal managing device 4, upon which data exchangewith another user terminal 8 becomes possible.

Subsequently, the user terminal 8 a sends a file information obtainingrequest to the file information managing device 5 which holds fileinformation of the target file F selected at S7 (S10). Note thatsupposing that the user terminal 8 a obtains, as a part of informationconcerning the content sent from the content managing device 2 at S6,information (URL or the like) specifying a point to which the fileinformation managing device 5 holding the file information is connected,the user terminal 8 a accesses the connection point specified by theinformation to thereby send a file information obtaining request to thefile information managing device 5. The file information managing device5, having received the file information obtaining request, sends fileinformation of the target file F designated by the request to the userterminal 8 a (S11).

The file information sent to the user terminal 8 a at S11 includesinformation specifying a point to which the distribution control device6 for controlling distribution of the target file F is connected. Havingobtained the file information about the target file F, the user terminal8 a accesses the connection point of the distribution control device 6,the connection point being specified by the information, to send to thedistribution control device 6 a request for obtaining informationindicating a device which provides the target file F (providerinformation) (S12). In the above, the user terminal 8 a sends to thedistribution control device 6 a list of a data file which the userterminal 8 a has already obtained or already started a process toobtain. In response to the request, the distribution control device 6sends the provider information of the target file F (S13), and also addsthe signal ID of the user terminal 8 a to the provider information ofeach data file included in the list sent at S12.

The user terminal 8 a having obtained the provider information at S13sequentially connects to the provider devices (other user terminals 8and the distribution device 7) indicated by the provider information toobtain a file piece constituting the target file F. It is determinedhere as an example that the provider information includes the signal IDof the user terminal 8 b and the URL of the distribution device 7. Inthis case, the user terminal 8 a initially establishes a session withthe user terminal 8 b and attempts to obtain a file piece.

Specifically, initially, the user terminal 8 a sends to the terminalmanaging device 4 an address resolution request designating the signalID of the user terminal 8 b included in the provider informationobtained at S13 (S14), and obtains information specifying a connectionpoint of the user terminal 8 b from the terminal managing device 4(S15). The user terminal 8 a then connects to the connection pointspecified by the information obtained and sends a file piece obtainingrequest to the user terminal 8 b (S16). In response to the file pieceobtaining request, the user terminal 8 b sends a file piece held byitself, of the target file F (S17). In the above, the user terminal 8 bdoes not send the file piece P1, which is a restricted piece, to theuser terminal 8 a even though the user terminal 8 b does hold the filepiece P1. Further, in the process at S17, the user terminal 8 badditionally sends to the user terminal 8 a a holding file list Lshowing data files which the user terminal 8 b has ever obtained.Further, the user terminal 8 a sends a holding file list L held byitself to the user terminal 8 b (S18). Note that in the above the userterminal 8 a does not have a file piece to send to the user terminal 8 bas the user terminal 8 a has obtained no file piece constituting thetarget file F until connection to the user terminal 8 b is established.

Thereafter, in order to obtain the file piece P1, which is a restrictedpiece, and any other file piece which the user terminal 8 b does nothold, the user terminal 8 a accesses the URL included in the providerinformation obtained at S13, and sends a file piece obtaining request tothe distribution device 7 (S19). In the above, the user terminal 8 aadditionally sends the session ID sent from the authentication device 3at S2 to the distribution device 7. As a specific example, forcommunication with the distribution device 7 according to HTTP protocol,the user terminal 8 a sends an HTTP request including the session ID ascookie information to the distribution device 7.

Having received the file piece obtaining request, the distributiondevice 7 sends the session ID included in the request to theauthentication device 3 to thereby inquire about the requesting user (S20). Accordingly, the authentication device 3 determines whether or nota user of the user terminal 8 a related to the received session ID hasthe right to obtain the target file F (S21), and sends a determinationresult to the distribution device 7 (S22). The flowchart shows a processto be carried out when the authentication device 3 determines that theuser has the right to obtain the target file F. In this case, thedistribution device 7 determines that distribution of a restricted pieceto the user terminal 8 a is permitted, and sends the requested filepiece to the user terminal 8 a (S23). Meanwhile, when the authenticationdevice 3 determined that the user of the user terminal 8 a does not havethe right to obtain the target file F, the distribution device 7prevents distribution of the restricted piece to the user terminal 8 a,and distributes only another file piece which the user terminal 8 a doesnot hold to the user terminal 8 a.

Subsequently, the user terminal 8 a assembles the file pieces obtainedat S17 and S23 to thereby obtain the target file F (S24). Further, theuser terminal 8 a selects a target file F to be newly obtained, based onthe list of data files which the user terminal 8 b holds obtained at S17(S25). Thereafter, the above described process at S10 and thereafter isrepeated to obtain a new target file F. With the above, the userterminal 8 can obtain the target file F initially selected by the userand a data file related to the target file F.

Note that an embodiment of the present invention is not limited to theabove described embodiment. For example, a part or all of the processdescribed in the above as being carried out by the content managingdevice 2, authentication device 3, terminal managing device 4, fileinformation managing device 5, distribution control device 6, anddistribution device 7 may be carried out by a single server computer.Also, the user terminal 8, when serving as a primary distributor of adata file, may additionally provide the function of the distributiondevice 7 in connection with the data file.

A data file to be distributed by the data distribution system 1 may notalways correspond to content such as a motion picture, sound, and thelike. Also, when distribution restriction of data file is desired to beimposed, based solely on, e.g., a disclosure date and time, userauthentication by the authentication device 3 may not be applied.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A data distribution system, comprising: oneor more distribution devices configured to hold a plurality of datafiles which are distribution objects; and a plurality of user processingterminals, wherein each of the user processing terminals comprises: afile piece obtaining unit configured to obtain each of a plurality offile pieces of a target data file from among the plurality of data filesfrom any one or more others of the user processing terminals or thedistribution devices, the plurality of file pieces having been obtainedby dividing the target data file; and a file obtaining unit configuredto assemble the plurality of obtained file pieces to thereby obtain thetarget file, wherein: the file piece obtaining unit, when obtaining afile piece from a given one of the other user processing terminals,obtains a list of data files which have been obtained by the given userterminal, together with the file piece, where the list of data filesincludes data files other than the target data file, the file pieceobtaining unit is configured to obtain a respective list of data fileswhich have been obtained by each of the one or more other userprocessing terminals, together with a respective file piece, andinformation of the data files included in each of the respective lists,other than the target data file, is used by each of the user processingterminals in selecting a new target data file to obtain, where the newtarget data file must be a data file included in at least one of: (i)more than a predetermined number of the respective lists, or (ii) morethan a predetermined percentage of the plurality of lists.
 2. Thedistribution system according to claim 1, wherein each of the userprocessing terminals automatically selects the new target to obtain fromamong the data files included in the obtained list.
 3. The distributionsystem according to claim 1, wherein: the list of data files which havebeen obtained includes relevant information concerning how the givenuser processing terminal which has obtained respective data filesincluded in the list has obtained or uses the data files, and each ofthe user terminals selects the new target to obtain from among the datafiles included in the obtained list, using the relevant informationincluded in the obtained list.
 4. The distribution system according toclaim 1, wherein: the file piece obtaining unit is configured totransfer the list of data files which have been obtained by the givenuser processing terminal to another of the one or more others of theuser processing terminals, which is different from the given userprocessing terminal, when obtaining a file piece from another given userprocessing terminal, and information of the data files included in eachof the plurality of lists respectively obtained from the given userprocessing terminals is used in selecting the new target to obtain. 5.The distribution system according to claim 4, wherein the file pieceobtaining unit is configured to transfer the one or more lists of datafiles which have been obtained to still one or more other userprocessing terminals a number of times equal to or fewer than apredetermined transfer number of times.
 6. The distribution systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the file piece obtaining unit, whendistributing a file piece held by the user processing terminal itself tostill another of the one or more other user processing terminals inresponse to a request from the still another user processing terminal,is configured to obtain a list of data files which has been obtained bythe still other user processing terminal.
 7. The distribution systemaccording to claim 6, wherein: the file piece obtaining unit isconfigured to transfer one or more lists of data files which have beenobtained by the user processing terminal to the still other userprocessing terminal when distributing a file piece to the still otheruser processing terminal, and information of the data file included ineach of the plurality of lists respectively obtained is used inselecting the new target to obtain.
 8. The distribution system accordingto claim 7, wherein the file piece obtaining unit is configured totransfer the one or more lists of data files which have been obtained tostill one or more other user processing terminals a number of timesequal to or fewer than a predetermined transfer number of times.
 9. Thedistribution system according to claim 1, wherein obtaining at least onepredetermined restricted piece among the plurality of file pieces fromother user processing terminals is restricted, and the distributiondevice restricts distribution of the restricted piece to each of theuser processing terminals, based on a predetermined condition.
 10. Thedistribution system according to claim 9, wherein, as the predeterminedcondition, the distribution device restricts distribution of therestricted piece when a predetermined disclosure date and time has notyet arrived.
 11. The distribution system according to claim 9, furthercomprising a file information management device configured to send fileinformation about each of the data files in response to a request fromeach of the user processing terminals, wherein the file informationincludes information specifying the restricted piece.
 12. Thedistribution system according to claim 11, wherein the file informationfurther includes information about the predetermined condition, and thefile piece obtaining unit is configured to determine whether or not thepredetermined condition indicated by the file information is satisfied,and upon determination that the condition is satisfied, sends a requestfor obtaining the restricted piece to the distribution device.
 13. Auser processing terminal connected to one or more distribution devicesfor holding a plurality of data files which are distribution objects andto one or more other user processing terminals, comprising: a file pieceobtaining unit configured to obtain each of a plurality of file piecesof a target data file from among the plurality of data files from anyone or more others of the user processing terminals or the distributiondevices, the plurality of file pieces having been obtained by dividingthe target data file; and a file obtaining unit configured to assemblethe plurality of obtained file pieces to thereby obtain the target file,wherein: the file piece obtaining unit, when obtaining a file piece froma given one of the other user processing terminals, obtains a list ofdata files which have been obtained by the given user processingterminal, together with the file piece, where the list of data filesincludes data files other than the target data file, the file pieceobtaining unit is configured to obtain a respective list of data fileswhich have been obtained by each of the one or more other userprocessing terminals, together with a respective file piece, andinformation of the data files included in each of the respective lists,other than the target data file, is used by each of the user processingterminals in selecting a new target data file to obtain, where the newtarget data file must be a data file included in at least one of: (i)more than a predetermined number of the respective lists, or (ii) morethan a predetermined percentage of the plurality of lists.
 14. Aninformation processing method to be carried out using a user terminalconnected to one or more distribution devices for holding a plurality ofdata files which are distribution objects, and to one or more other userterminals, the method comprising: obtaining each of a plurality of filepieces of a target data file from among the plurality of data files fromany of the one or more other user terminals or the distribution devices,the plurality of file pieces having been obtained by dividing the targetdata file; and assembling the plurality of obtained file pieces tothereby obtain the target file, wherein: at the step of obtaining, alist of data files which have been obtained by a given one of the one ormore other user terminals is obtained when obtaining a file piece fromthe given user terminal, together with the file piece, where the list ofdata files includes data files other than the target data file, and thestep of obtaining further comprises obtaining a respective list of datafiles which have been obtained by each of the one or more other userterminals, together with a respective file piece, and information of thedata files included in each of the respective lists, other than thetarget data file, is used by each of the user terminals in selecting anew target data file to obtain, where the new target data file must be adata file included in at least one of: (i) more than a predeterminednumber of the respective lists, or (ii) more than a predeterminedpercentage of the plurality of lists.
 15. A non-transitory, computerreadable information storage medium storing a program for causing a userterminal, which is connected to one or more distribution devices forholding a plurality of data files which are distribution objects, and toone or more other user terminals, to function as: a file piece obtainingunit configured to obtain each of a plurality of file pieces of a targetdata file from among the plurality of data files from any one or moreothers of the user terminals or the distribution devices, the pluralityof file pieces having been obtained by dividing the target data file;and a file obtaining unit configured to assemble the plurality ofobtained file pieces to thereby obtain the target file, wherein: thefile piece obtaining unit, when obtaining a file piece from a given oneof the other user terminals, obtains a list of data files which havebeen obtained by the given user terminal, together with the file piece,where the list of data files includes data files other than the targetdata file, the file piece obtaining unit is configured to obtain arespective list of data files which have been obtained by each of theone or more other user terminal, together with a respective file piece,and information of the data files included in each of the respectivelists, other than the target data file, is used by each of the userterminals in selecting a new target data file to obtain, where the newtarget data file must be a data file included in at least one of: (i)more than a predetermined number of the respective lists, or (ii) morethan a predetermined percentage of the plurality of lists.